{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabular}{l*{8}{c}}
\toprule
            &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(1)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(2)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(3)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(4)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(5)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(6)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(7)}   &\multicolumn{1}{c}{(8)}   \\
\midrule
$\beta$\textsubscript{1850-1855}&      0.0907   &      -0.272   &      -0.229   &      -0.173   &      -0.397   &       0.388   &      -0.112   &      -0.236   \\
            &     [0.217]   &     [0.330]   &     [0.406]   &     [0.345]   &     [0.360]   &     [0.464]   &     [0.307]   &     [0.296]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1856-1860}&     -0.0141   &     -0.0775   &      -0.279   &      0.0819   &     -0.0788   &      0.0257   &     -0.0468   &     -0.0253   \\
            &     [0.142]   &     [0.206]   &     [0.315]   &     [0.182]   &     [0.230]   &     [0.362]   &     [0.143]   &     [0.125]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1866-1870}&      -1.323***&      -1.544***&      -1.488***&      -1.609***&      -1.618***&      -2.295***&      -1.492** &      -1.490***\\
            &     [0.292]   &     [0.368]   &     [0.420]   &     [0.413]   &     [0.382]   &     [0.634]   &     [0.584]   &     [0.457]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1871-1875}&      -1.697***&      -1.944***&      -1.876***&      -1.955***&      -2.115***&      -2.294** &      -2.203***&      -2.221***\\
            &     [0.412]   &     [0.512]   &     [0.582]   &     [0.546]   &     [0.531]   &     [0.883]   &     [0.763]   &     [0.611]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1876-1880}&      -1.838***&      -1.962***&      -2.035***&      -1.892***&      -2.040***&      -2.406** &      -2.164***&      -2.150***\\
            &     [0.474]   &     [0.549]   &     [0.664]   &     [0.551]   &     [0.576]   &     [0.967]   &     [0.617]   &     [0.511]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1881-1885}&      -1.537***&      -1.703***&      -1.673** &      -1.589***&      -1.785***&      -2.372** &      -1.797***&      -1.590***\\
            &     [0.430]   &     [0.563]   &     [0.671]   &     [0.584]   &     [0.588]   &     [0.927]   &     [0.563]   &     [0.501]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1886-1890}&      -1.337***&      -1.379** &      -1.461** &      -1.295** &      -1.436** &      -2.041** &      -1.630***&      -1.488***\\
            &     [0.457]   &     [0.609]   &     [0.705]   &     [0.650]   &     [0.627]   &     [0.848]   &     [0.561]   &     [0.553]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1891-1895}&      -1.242***&      -1.318** &      -1.528** &      -1.109*  &      -1.491** &      -1.980***&      -2.090***&      -1.634***\\
            &     [0.410]   &     [0.562]   &     [0.693]   &     [0.605]   &     [0.606]   &     [0.725]   &     [0.496]   &     [0.553]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1896-1900}&      -1.403***&      -1.495***&      -1.665** &      -1.264** &      -1.851***&      -2.075***&      -2.162***&      -1.886***\\
            &     [0.343]   &     [0.485]   &     [0.656]   &     [0.532]   &     [0.495]   &     [0.626]   &     [0.332]   &     [0.427]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1901-1905}&      -1.077** &      -1.163** &      -1.426*  &      -0.863   &      -1.504** &      -1.431** &      -1.819***&      -1.610***\\
            &     [0.423]   &     [0.551]   &     [0.779]   &     [0.577]   &     [0.559]   &     [0.671]   &     [0.453]   &     [0.494]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1906-1910}&      -0.798   &      -0.885   &      -1.187   &      -0.574   &      -1.254*  &      -1.131   &      -1.465***&      -1.417***\\
            &     [0.494]   &     [0.573]   &     [0.769]   &     [0.594]   &     [0.624]   &     [0.774]   &     [0.369]   &     [0.427]   \\
$\beta$\textsubscript{1911-1914}&      -0.803   &      -0.887   &      -1.141   &      -0.544   &      -1.167   &      -1.113   &      -1.186** &      -1.548***\\
            &     [0.616]   &     [0.678]   &     [0.856]   &     [0.703]   &     [0.738]   &     [0.803]   &     [0.473]   &     [0.469]   \\
Controls    &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Country\textsubscript{o} FE&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
ln(cotton\textsubscript{o}) $\times$ t&               &               &           Y   &               &               &               &               &               \\
ln(cotton manu\textsubscript{o}) $\times$ t&               &               &               &           Y   &               &               &               &               \\
ln(population\textsubscript{o}) $\times$ t&               &               &               &               &           Y   &               &               &               \\
SITC industry\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &               &               &               &           Y   &               &               \\
Region\textsubscript{o} $\times$ t&               &               &               &               &               &               &           Y   &           Y   \\
I(Brit bank\textsubscript{o}) $\times$ t&           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
Country\textsubscript{d}&           Y   &               &               &               &               &               &               &               \\
Country\textsubscript{dt}&               &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   &           Y   \\
\midrule
N           &       70895   &       70895   &       70895   &       70895   &       56352   &       50637   &       50637   &       70895   \\
Clusters    &         129   &         129   &         129   &         129   &          45   &          48   &          48   &         129   \\
Adj. R{$^2$}&       0.530   &       0.532   &       0.532   &       0.532   &       0.558   &       0.561   &       0.559   &       0.535   \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
}
